Understanding Your Body Composition
Learn the distinction between fat types, healthy ranges, and the formulas used for estimation.
Essential vs. Storage Fat
Essential fat is necessary for survival (2-5% for men; 10-13% for women). Storage fat accumulates in adipose tissue (subcutaneous and visceral) and is the target of fitness goals.
Healthy Range
The healthy body fat range is typically 8-19% for men and 21-33% for women, though this varies based on age, lifestyle (athlete vs. average), and specific guidelines (ACE, Jackson & Pollock).
Navy & BMI Formulas
- U.S. Navy Method:Uses circumference measurements (waist, neck, hip) and height to estimate BFP. Provides good field accuracy.
- BMI Method:A simpler estimation using Body Mass Index (BMI), Age, and Sex. Example for men: $\text{BFP} = 1.20 \times \text{BMI} + 0.23 \times \text{Age} - 16.2$
Health Risks
Excess body fat (obesity) is a leading preventable cause of death, increasing risks for heart disease, stroke, certain cancers, and Type 2 diabetes. Insufficient fat also leads to health issues.